References Fonda, B. et al. (2014) ‘Effects of whole-body cryotherapy duration on thermal and cardiovascular response’, Journal of Thermal Biology, 42, pp. 52–55. Selfe, J. et al. (2014) ‘The effect of three different (−135°C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players’, PLOS ONE, 9(1).

The Core Mechanism Sessions typically last 2 – 3 minutes at -110°C to -160°C (-166°F to -256°F). Due to air’s low thermal conductivity, cooling is largely limited to the skin surface – deeper tissues and core temperature are minimally affected. (Bleakley et al., 2014) The primary effect is skin-level thermal shock, which drives: A large […]

Temperature: Gradient and Low Moisture Content The driving force of Cryostimulation is the temperature gradient (ΔT) between the cryogenic environment (e.g. -120°C / -184°F) and skin surface (~30 – 32°C / 86 – 90°F). The greater this gradient, the more intensely cutaneous thermoreceptors perceive thermal stress, triggering a stronger neurological and circulatory response. Dry, low-moisture […]

Cold therapy dates back to ancient Egypt around 2500 BC, with Greek, Chinese and Japanese civilisations all documenting its use for healing and recovery. Modern Cryostimulation began in 1978 and today, Cryostimulation is used globally across clinical, athletic and wellness settings – combining ancient practice with a growing modern evidence base spanning pain management, inflammation, […]